Solved Examples: The Customary System of Measurements and Units

Measurement is Length

$ \underline{First\:\:Method:\:\:Unity\:\:Fraction\:\:Method} \\[3ex] 26400\:yd\:\:to\:\:mi \\[3ex] = 26400\:yd * \dfrac{.....mi}{.....yd} \\[5ex] = 26400\:yd * \dfrac{1\:mi}{1760\:yd} \\[5ex] = \dfrac{26400}{1760}\:mi \\[5ex] = 15\:mi \\[3ex] \underline{Second\:\:Method:\:\:Proportional\:\:Reasoning\:\:Method} \\[3ex] 1760\:yd = 1\:mi \\[3ex] Let\:\:p = length\:\:of\:\:26400\:yd\:\:in\:\:mi \\[3ex] $

$yard$	$mile$
$1760$	$1$
$26400$	$p$

$ \dfrac{p}{1} = \dfrac{26400}{1760} \\[5ex] p = 15\:mi \\[3ex] \therefore 26400\:yd = 15\:mi $

Measurement is Mass

$ \underline{First\:\:Method:\:\:Unity\:\:Fraction\:\:Method} \\[3ex] 5\dfrac{3}{8}\:lb\:\:to\:\:oz \\[5ex] 5\dfrac{3}{8} = \dfrac{8 * 5 + 3}{8} = \dfrac{40 + 3}{8} = \dfrac{43}{8} \\[5ex] \dfrac{43}{8}\:lb\:\:to\:\:oz \\[5ex] = \dfrac{43}{8}\:lb * \dfrac{.....oz}{.....lb} \\[5ex] = \dfrac{43}{8}\:lb * \dfrac{16\:oz}{1\:lb} \\[5ex] = 43(2)\:oz \\[5ex] = 86\:oz \\[3ex] \underline{Second\:\:Method:\:\:Proportional\:\:Reasoning\:\:Method} \\[3ex] 1\:lb = 16\:oz \\[3ex] Let\:\:p = mass\:\:of\:\:\dfrac{43}{8}\:lb\:\:in\:\:oz \\[3ex] $

$pound$	$ounce$
$1$	$16$
$\dfrac{43}{8}$	$p$

$ \dfrac{p}{16} = \dfrac{\dfrac{43}{8}}{1} \\[7ex] \dfrac{p}{16} = \dfrac{43}{8} \\[5ex] Multiply\:\:both\:\:sides\:\:by\:\:16 \\[3ex] 16 * \dfrac{p}{16} = 16 * \dfrac{43}{8} \\[5ex] p = 2(43)\:oz \\[3ex] p = 86\:oz \\[3ex] \therefore 5\dfrac{3}{8}\:lb = 86\:oz $

$205$ or more means Greater than OR Equal to $205$

$ \mu = 200 \\[3ex] \sigma = 15 \\[3ex] (a.) \\[3ex] n = 144 \\[3ex] \bar{x} = 205 \\[3ex] z = \dfrac{\bar{x} - \mu}{\dfrac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}} \\[7ex] \bar{x} - \mu = 205 - 200 = 5 \\[3ex] \sqrt{n} = \sqrt{144} = 12 \\[3ex] \dfrac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}} = \dfrac{15}{12} = \dfrac{5}{4} \\[5ex] \rightarrow z = 5 \div \dfrac{5}{4} = 5 * \dfrac{4}{5} = 4 \\[5ex] P(\bar{x} \lt 205) = P(z \lt 4.00) = 0.9999683287581669 \approx 1 \\[3ex] P(\bar{x} \ge 205) = P(z \ge 4.00) = 1 - 0.9999683287581669 = 0.00003167124183311998 \approx 0 \\[3ex] \therefore P(\bar{x} \ge 205) = 0 \\[3ex] $ This is an impossible event

Because this is an impossible event, the sample outcome of $144$ does not support the claim that the mean of the population of interest is $200$

$ \angle O = 235 + y = 360 ...\angle s \:\:around\:\:a\:\:point \\[3ex] y = 360 - 235 \\[3ex] y = 125 \\[3ex] y = 2x ...\angle \:\:at\:\:center\:\:is\:\:twice\:\:\angle\:\:at\:\:circumference \\[3ex] \rightarrow 125 = 2x \\[3ex] 2x = 125 \\[3ex] x = \dfrac{125}{2} \\[5ex] x = 62\dfrac{1}{2}^\circ $

$ Let\:\: \angle OPK = x \\[3ex] \angle OPR = \angle ORP = y ...base\:\:\angle s \:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle OPR} \\[3ex] y + y + 108 = 180 ... sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 2y = 180 - 108 \\[3ex] 2y = 72 \\[3ex] y = \dfrac{72}{2} \\[5ex] y = 36 \\[3ex] \angle POR = 2 * \angle PKR ...\angle \:\:at\:\:center\:\:is\:\:twice\:\:\angle\:\:at\:\:circumference \\[3ex] 108 = 2 * \angle PKR \\[3ex] \angle PKR = \dfrac{108}{2} \\[5ex] \angle PKR = 54 \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle PKR} \\[3ex] \angle KPR + \angle KRP + \angle PKR = 180 ... sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] \angle KPR = \angle OPK + \angle OPR \\[3ex] \angle KPR = x + 36 \\[3ex] \angle KRP = 20 + 36 = 56 \\[3ex] \therefore x + 36 + 56 + 54 = 180 \\[3ex] x + 146 = 180 \\[3ex] x = 180 - 146 \\[3ex] x = 34^\circ $

$ x = 2y ...\angle s \:\:in\:\:the\:\:same\:\:segment \\[3ex] p + 60 = 180 ...\angle s \:\:in\:\:a\:\:straight\:\:line \\[3ex] p = 180 - 60 \\[3ex] p = 120 \\[3ex] 120 + 2y + 2x = 180 ... sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 120 + x + 2x = 180 \\[3ex] 3x = 180 - 120 \\[3ex] 3x = 60 \\[3ex] x = \dfrac{60}{3} \\[5ex] x = 20 \\[3ex] x = 2y \rightarrow y = \dfrac{x}{2} \\[5ex] y = \dfrac{20}{2} \\[5ex] y = 10^\circ $

$ (i) \\[3ex] Scale = 1:25000 \\[3ex] 31.8\:cm \rightarrow ? \\[3ex] \underline{Second\:\:Method:\:\:Proportional\:\:Reasoning\:\:Method} \\[3ex] $

$Scale$	$Actual$
$1$	$25000$
$31.8$	$y$

$ \dfrac{1}{31.8} = \dfrac{25000}{y} \\[5ex] Cross\:\:Multiply \\[3ex] 1(y) = 31.8(25000) \\[3ex] y = 795000\:cm \\[3ex] \therefore 31.8\:cm = 795000\:cm \\[3ex] $ We need to convert this distance to $km$

$ \underline{First\:\:Method - Unity\:\:Fraction\:\:Method} \\[3ex] 795000\:cm\:\:to\:\:km \\[3ex] = 795000\:cm * \dfrac{0.01\:m}{1\:cm} * \dfrac{1\:km}{1000\:m} \\[5ex] = \dfrac{7950}{1000}\:km \\[5ex] = 7.95\:km \\[3ex] \underline{Second\:\:Method:\:\:Proportional\:\:Reasoning\:\:Method} \\[3ex] $

$cm$	$m$
$1$	$0.01$
$795000$	$x$

$ \dfrac{1}{795000} = \dfrac{0.01}{x} \\[5ex] Cross\:\:Multiply \\[3ex] 1(x) = 795000(0.01) \\[3ex] x = 7950\:m \\[3ex] $

$m$	$km$
$1000$	$1$
$7950$	$p$

$ \dfrac{1000}{7950} = \dfrac{1}{p} \\[5ex] Cross\:\:Multiply \\[3ex] 1000p = 7950(1) \\[3ex] 1000p = 7950 \\[3ex] p = \dfrac{7950}{1000} \\[5ex] p = 7.95\:km \\[3ex] (ii) \\[3ex] \underline{First\:\:Method - Unity\:\:Fraction\:\:Method} \\[3ex] 2.75\:km\:\:to\:\:cm \\[3ex] = 2.75\:km * \dfrac{1000\:m}{1\:km} * \dfrac{1\:cm}{0.01\:m} \\[5ex] = \dfrac{2750}{0.01}\:km \\[5ex] = 275000\:cm \\[3ex] \underline{Second\:\:Method:\:\:Proportional\:\:Reasoning\:\:Method} \\[3ex] $

$Scale$	$Actual$
$1$	$25000$
$d$	$275000$

$ \dfrac{1}{d} = \dfrac{25000}{275000} \\[5ex] \dfrac{25000}{275000} = \dfrac{5}{55} = \dfrac{1}{11} \\[5ex] \dfrac{1}{d} = \dfrac{1}{11} \\[5ex] Cross\:\:Multiply \\[3ex] d = 1(11) \\[3ex] d = 11\:cm \\[3ex] $ Clifton and James Town are $11\:cm$ apart on the map.

$ Obtuse\angle O = 2(65) ...\angle \:\:at\:\:center\:\:is\:\:twice\:\:\angle\:\:at\:\:circumference \\[3ex] Obtuse\angle O = 130 \\[3ex] Reflex\angle ROP + Obtuse\angle ROP = 360 ...\angle s\:\:around\:\:a\:\:point \\[3ex] Reflex\angle ROP = x \\[3ex] Obtuse\angle ROP = 130 \\[3ex] x + 130 = 360 \\[3ex] x = 360 - 130 \\[3ex] x = 230^\circ $

$ \angle SQR = 79^\circ \\[3ex] \angle QRS = x \\[3ex] Reflex\:\:P\hat{O}S = 252^\circ \\[3ex] Reflex\:\:P\hat{O}S + Obtuse\:\:P\hat{O}S = 360 ...\angle s\:\:around\:\:a\:\:point \\[3ex] Obtuse\:\:P\hat{O}S = 360 - 252 \\[3ex] Obtuse\:\:P\hat{O}S = 108 \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle POS} \\[3ex] \angle SPO = \angle PSO = y...base\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] \angle SPO + \angle POS + \angle PSO = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] x + 108 + x = 180 \\[3ex] 2x + 180 - 108 \\[3ex] 2x = 72 \\[3ex] x = \dfrac{72}{2} \\[5ex] x = 36 \\[3ex] Obtuse\:\:P\hat{O}S = 2 * \angle PQS ...\angle \:\:at\:\:center\:\:is\:\:twice\:\:\angle\:\:at\:\:circumference \\[3ex] 108 = 2 * \angle PQS \\[3ex] \angle PQS = \dfrac{108}{2} \\[5ex] \angle PQS = 54 \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle PQS} \\[3ex] \angle QPS = \angle QSP = p...base\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] \angle QPS + \angle QSP + \angle PQS = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] p + p + 54 = 180 \\[3ex] 2p + 54 = 180 \\[3ex] 2p = 180 - 54 \\[3ex] 2p = 126 \\[3ex] p = \dfrac{126}{2} \\[5ex] p = 63 \\[3ex] \angle QSR = 63 ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord=\angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] \\[3ex] OR \\[3ex] \angle PSQ = \angle PSO + \angle OSQ ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] 63 = 36 + \angle OSQ \\[3ex] \angle OSQ = 63 - 36 \\[3ex] \angle OSQ = 27 \\[3ex] \angle OSR = 90^\circ ... radius \perp tangent\:\:at\:\:point\:\:of\:\:contact \\[3ex] \angle OSR = \angle OSQ + \angle QSR ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] 90 = 27 + \angle QSR \\[3ex] \angle QSR = 90 - 27 \\[3ex] \angle QSR = 63 \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle QSR} \\[3ex] \angle QRS + \angle QRS + \angle SQR = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 63 + x + 79 = 180 \\[3ex] 142 + x = 180 \\[3ex] x = 180 - 142 \\[3ex] x = 38^\circ $

$ \angle OPT = 90^\circ ... radius \perp tangent\:\:at\:\:point\:\:of\:\:contact \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle QPT} \\[3ex] 30 + x + 90 + 2x + x = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 4x + 120 = 180 \\[3ex] 4x = 180 - 120 \\[3ex] 4x = 60 \\[3ex] x = \dfrac{60}{4} \\[5ex] x = 15 \\[3ex] \angle PTO = 2x \\[3ex] \angle PTO = 2(15) \\[3ex] \angle PTO = 30^\circ $

$ \underline{\triangle PSQ} \\[3ex] \angle PSQ = 50^\circ ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord=\angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] \angle PSQ = \angle PQS = 50 ...base\:\: \angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \angle PSQ + \angle PQS + \angle SPQ = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 50 + 50 + \angle SPQ = 180 \\[3ex] 100 + \angle SPQ = 180 \\[3ex] \angle SPQ = 180 - 100 \\[3ex] \angle SPQ = 80 \\[3ex] \underline{Cyclic\:\:Quadrilateral\:\:SPQR} \\[3ex] \angle P + \angle R = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:interior\:\:opposite\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:cyclic\:\:Quad \\[3ex] 80 + \angle R = 180 \\[3ex] \angle R = 180 - 80 \\[3ex] \angle R = \angle QRS = 100^\circ $

$ \angle OCA = \angle OAC = 48^\circ ...base\:\: \angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \angle ACB = 90^\circ ...\angle \:\:in\:\:a\:\:semicircle \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle ABC} \\[3ex] \angle CAB + \angle ABC + \angle ACB = 180^\circ ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] \angle CAB = \angle OCA = 48 ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] \rightarrow 48 + \angle ABC + 90 = 180 \\[3ex] 138 + \angle ABC = 180 \\[3ex] \angle ABC = 180 - 138 \\[3ex] \angle ABC = 42^\circ $

$ (i) \\[3ex] \angle HJK = 90^\circ ...\angle \:\:in\:\:a\:\:semicircle \\[3ex] \angle HJK = \angle HJL + \angle LJK...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] 90 = 20 + \angle LJK \\[3ex] \angle LJK = 90 - 20 \\[3ex] \angle LJK = 70 \\[3ex] \angle LHK = \angle LJK ...\angle s \:\:in\:\:a\:\:straight\:\:line \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle LHK = 70 \\[3ex] \angle HLK = 90^\circ ...\angle \:\:in\:\:a\:\:semicircle \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle HKL} \\[3ex] \angle LHK + \angle HLK + \angle HKL = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 70 + 90 + \angle HKL = 180 \\[3ex] 160 + \angle HKL = 180 \\[3ex] \angle HKL = 180 - 160 \\[3ex] \angle HKL = 20^\circ \\[3ex] (ii) \\[3ex] \angle OKJ = \angle OJK ...base\:\: \angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle OJK = 50 \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle JOK} \\[3ex] \angle OKJ + \angle OJK + \angle JOK = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 50 + 50 + \angle JOK = 180 \\[3ex] 100 + \angle JOK = 180 \\[3ex] \angle JOK = 180 - 100 \\[3ex] \angle JOK = 80^\circ \\[3ex] (iii) \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle JHK} \\[3ex] \angle HJK + \angle JKH + \angle JHK = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 90 + 50 + \angle JHK = 180 \\[3ex] 140 + \angle JHK = 180 \\[3ex] \angle JHK = 180 - 140 \\[3ex] \angle JHK = 40^\circ $

$ \angle TSP = \angle TQP ... \angle s \:\:in\:\:the\:\:same\:\:segment \\[3ex] \angle TQP = 31 + 58 ...exterior\:\: \angle \:\:of\:\:a\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \angle TQP = 89 \\[3ex] \therefore \angle TSP = 89^\circ $

$ x = y + 17...eqn.(1) ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord=\angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] 2x - 43 = y...eqn.(2) ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord=\angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] Substitute\:\:eqn.(1)\:\:into\:\:eqn.(2) \\[3ex] 2(y + 17) - 43 = y \\[3ex] 2y + 34 - 43 = y \\[3ex] 2y - y = 43 - 34 \\[3ex] y = 9^\circ $

$ \angle ORP = 90^\circ ... radius \perp tangent\:\:at\:\:point\:\:of\:\:contact \\[3ex] \angle ORP = \angle ORQ + \angle QRP \\[3ex] 90 = \angle ORQ + 34 \\[3ex] \angle ORQ = 90 - 34 \\[3ex] \angle ORQ = 56 \\[3ex] \angle ORQ = \angle OQR = 56 ...base\:\: \angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle ORQ} \\[3ex] \angle ORG + \angle OQR + x = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 56 + 56 + x = 180 \\[3ex] 112 + x = 180 \\[3ex] x = 180 - 112 \\[3ex] x = 68^\circ $

We can solve (i) in at least two ways

$ (i) \\[3ex] \underline{First\:\:Method} \\[3ex] \angle AOD = 2 * \angle ACD ...\angle \:\:at\:\:center\:\:is\:\:twice\:\:\angle\:\:at\:\:circumference \\[3ex] 114 = 2 * \angle ACD \\[3ex] \angle ACD = \dfrac{114}{2} \\[5ex] \angle ACD = 57^\circ \\[3ex] \underline{Second\:\:Method} \\[3ex] \angle ODG = 90 ... radius \perp tangent\:\:at\:\:point\:\:of\:\:contact \\[3ex] \angle ODA = \angle OAD = y ...base\:\: \angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle OAD} \\[3ex] \angle OAD + \angle ODA + \angle AOD = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] y + y + 114 = 180 \\[3ex] 2y + 114 = 180 \\[3ex] 2y = 180 - 114 \\[3ex] 2y = 66 \\[3ex] y = \dfrac{66}{2} \\[5ex] y = 33 \\[3ex] \angle ADE + \angle ODA + \angle ODG = 180 ...\angle s\:\:in\:\:a\:\:straight\:\:line \\[3ex] \angle ADE + 33 + 90 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle ADE + 123 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle ADE = 180 - 123 \\[3ex] \angle ADE = 57 \\[3ex] \angle ADE = \angle ACD ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord = \angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle ACD = 57^\circ \\[3ex] (ii) \\[3ex] \angle EAD = \angle ACD ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord = \angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle EAD = 57^\circ \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle AED} \\[3ex] \angle ADE + \angle EAD + \angle AED = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 57 + 57 + \angle AED = 180 \\[3ex] 114 + \angle AED = 180 \\[3ex] \angle AED = 180 - 114 \\[3ex] \angle AED = 66^\circ \\[3ex] (iii) \\[3ex] \angle OAD = \angle OAC + \angle CAD ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] \angle CDG = \angle CAD ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord=\angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] \therefore \angle CAD = 18 \\[3ex] \rightarrow 33 = \angle OAC + 18 \\[3ex] \angle OAC = 33 - 18 \\[3ex] \angle OAC = 15^\circ \\[3ex] (iv) \\[3ex] \underline{Quadrilateral\:\:ABCD} \\[3ex] \angle B + \angle D = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:interior\:\:opposite\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:cyclic\:\:Quad \\[3ex] \angle D = \angle ODA + \angle ODC ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] \angle ODG = \angle ODC + \angle CDG ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] 90 = \angle ODC + 18 \\[3ex] \angle ODC = 90 - 18 \\[3ex] \angle ODC = 72 \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle D = 33 + 72 \\[3ex] \angle D = 105 \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle B + 105 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle B = 180 - 105 \\[3ex] \angle B = 75^\circ $

$ \angle MQP = 90 ...\angle \:\:in\:\:a\:\:semicircle \\[3ex] \angle MPQ = \angle MNQ ...\angle s\:\:in\:\:same\:\:segment \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle MPQ = 42 \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle QMP} \\[3ex] \angle QMP + \angle MPQ + \angle MQP = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] \angle QMP + 42 + 90 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle QMP + 132 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle QMP = 180 - 132 \\[3ex] \angle QMP = 48^\circ $

$ (i) \\[3ex] \angle OQR = \angle ORQ = 32 ...base\:\: \angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle OQR} \\[3ex] \angle OQR + \angle ORQ + \angle QOR = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] 32 + 32 + \angle QOR = 180 \\[3ex] 64 + \angle QOR = 180 \\[3ex] \angle QOR = 180 - 64 \\[3ex] \angle QOR = 116 \\[3ex] \angle QOR = 2 * \angle QPR ...\angle \:\:at\:\:center\:\:is\:\:twice\:\:\angle\:\:at\:\:circumference \\[3ex] 116 = 2 * \angle QPR \\[3ex] \angle QPR = \dfrac{116}{2} \\[5ex] \angle QPR = 58^\circ \\[3ex] (ii) \\[3ex] \underline{Quadrilateral\:\:TPRQ} \\[3ex] \angle P + \angle Q = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:interior\:\:opposite\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:cyclic\:\:Quad \\[3ex] \angle P = \angle TPQ + \angle QPR ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] \angle P = 15 + 58 \\[3ex] \angle P = 73 \\[3ex] \angle Q = \angle TQO + \angle OQR ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] \angle Q = \angle TQO + 32 \\[3ex] \rightarrow 73 + \angle TQO + 32 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle TQO + 105 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle TQO = 180 - 105 \\[3ex] \angle TQO = 75^\circ $

$ \underline{Quadrilateral\:\:TUVW} \\[3ex] \angle U + \angle W = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:opposite\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:cyclic\:\:Quad \\[3ex] 3x + 20 + 88 = 180 \\[3ex] 3x + 108 = 180 \\[3ex] 3x = 180 - 108 \\[3ex] 3x = 72 \\[3ex] x = \dfrac{72}{3} \\[5ex] x = 24^\circ $

$ a) \\[3ex] \angle VZW = 51^\circ ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord = \angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] b) \\[3ex] \angle VWZ = 78^\circ ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord = \angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] \underline{Cyclic\:\:Quadrilateral\:\:WXYZ} \\[3ex] \angle XYZ = 78^\circ ...exterior\:\: \angle \:\:of\:\:a\:\:cyclic\:\:Quad = interior\:\:opposite\:\: \angle $

$ \angle SRQ = \angle SPQ ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord = \angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle SPQ = 50 \\[3ex] \angle SPQ = \angle SQP ...base\:\: \angle s\:\:of\:\:isosceles\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle SQP = 50 \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle SRQ} \\[3ex] \angle RSQ = \angle SPQ + \angle SQP ...exterior\:\: \angle \:\:of\:\:a\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \angle RSQ = 50 + 50 \\[3ex] \angle RSQ = 100 \\[3ex] \angle SRQ + \angle RSQ + \angle SQR = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] \angle SRQ + 100 + 50 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle SRQ + 150 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle SRQ = 180 - 150 \\[3ex] \angle SRQ = 30^\circ $

$ \angle TAC = 30 ...\angle \:\:between\:\:tangent\:\:and\:\:chord = \angle\:\:in\:\:alternate\:\:segment \\[3ex] \angle ATC = 90 ...\angle \:\:in\:\:a\:\:semicircle \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle TKC} \\[3ex] \angle TCK = 90 + 30 ...exterior\:\: \angle \:\:of\:\:a\:\: \triangle \\[3ex] \angle TCK = 120 \\[3ex] \angle TKC + \angle TCK + \angle CTK = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] \angle TKC + 120 + 30 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle TKC + 150 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle TKC = 180 - 150 \\[3ex] \angle TKC = 30^\circ $

$ (i) \\[3ex] \angle BOA = 2 * \angle ACB ...\angle \:\:at\:\:center\:\:is\:\:twice\:\:\angle\:\:at\:\:circumference \\[3ex] 130 = 2 * \angle ACB \\[3ex] \angle ACB = \dfrac{130}{2} \\[5ex] \angle ACB = 65^\circ \\[3ex] (ii) \\[3ex] \angle CBD = \angle CAD ...\angle s\:\:in\:\:same\:\:segment \\[3ex] \therefore \angle CBD = 30^\circ \\[3ex] (iii) \\[3ex] \angle ADB = \angle ACB ...\angle s\:\:in\:\:same\:\:segment \\[3ex] \rightarrow \angle ADB = 65 \\[3ex] \underline{\triangle AED} \\[3ex] \angle DAE + \angle AED + \angle EDA = 180 ...sum\:\:of\:\:\angle s\:\:of\:\:a\:\:\triangle \\[3ex] \angle EDA = \angle ADB = 65 ...as\:\:shown \\[3ex] 30 + \angle AED + 65 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle AED + 95 = 180 \\[3ex] \angle AED = 180 - 95 \\[3ex] \angle AED = 85^\circ $